Physical Therapy Assistant Practice Exam

Which action is most likely to facilitate elbow extension in a patient with hemiplegia after a CVA?

1. Encouraging wrist flexion

2. Turning the head to the affected side

3. Using a brace on the elbow

4. Performing passive range of motion

The correct answer is: Turning the head to the affected side

Turning the head to the affected side is significant in facilitating elbow extension in a patient with hemiplegia following a cerebrovascular accident (CVA). This action engages the neurophysiological principle known as "visual field awareness," which can influence motor control. When the patient turns their head towards the affected side, it may help activate motor pathways in the brain that contribute to initiating movement in that limb. Additionally, this head-turning action can promote a more natural engagement of the upper extremity and encourage the use of the affected arm, potentially leading to improved functional reach and extension. Other actions, while they may have their benefits in therapy contexts, do not directly influence elbow extension in the same manner. Wrist flexion would create a different pattern of muscle activation that does not assist with extending the elbow. A brace might provide mechanical support but doesn't actively facilitate movement. Passive range of motion is important for maintaining joint health but does not inherently promote active muscle engagement needed for functional elbow extension. Understanding the dynamics of head movement in relation to upper extremity function is crucial in developing effective rehabilitation strategies for individuals recovering from a CVA.