Physical Therapy Assistant Practice Exam

In which scenario would you most likely observe a firm end-feel?

1. During bone to bone contact

2. When muscle spasm is present

3. When ligament tension is involved

4. During soft tissue resistance

The correct answer is: When ligament tension is involved

A firm end-feel is characteristic of a situation where there is significant tension in the ligaments and tendons surrounding a joint, indicating that the structures are quite taut. This typically occurs during the end range of motion, where the ligaments are stretched but not yet at a limit that causes pain or discomfort. In the context of physical therapy, a firm end-feel is often assessed during range-of-motion evaluations. When ligaments are engaged, they provide a solid stop to the movement, which is felt as a firm sensation. This can commonly occur during motions like wrist or ankle dorsiflexion, where ligamentous tension becomes palpable yet does not cause discomfort. In contrast, other scenarios do not present the same qualities associated with a firm end-feel. Bone-to-bone contact may stop movement abruptly but does not provide the same insight into the softness or tension of surrounding tissues. Muscle spasms can lead to a hard or even rigid end-feel due to the involuntary contraction of muscles, generating a different sensation. Meanwhile, soft tissue resistance usually results in a soft or mushy end-feel rather than a firm one, reflecting the flexibility of muscles and connective tissue rather than the tautness associated with ligaments. Thus, the presence of